Customize "Read more", date formats and form labels

Site URL: https://www.calvin.no/

On the front page https://www.calvin.no/, how do I go about changing these things? 

• Date format from "MM/DD/YY" to "DD.MM.YYYY"
• "Read more" to "Les mer"

And on blog post pages, like https://www.calvin.no/solo/korrespondentbrev   

• Date format from "Oct 26" to "26. oktober" (and so on) 

In the contact form, https://www.calvin.no/kontakt, is it possible for me to change the labels under the name fields ("First Name" and "Last Name") to the Norwegian "Fornavn" and "Etternavn"?  

Found this forum entry, which solved the "Read more" issue: 

Found this forum entry, which solved the date format issue on the front page (blog page) for me: 

And finally, I found this forum entry, which solved the form labels issue: