I figured it out on my own! Below is the coding I used. It's kind of a mess and I'm not sure which coding got the job done but, with some number tweaking, that's how I did it.
I can't believe I didn't notice you could make the image caption text into a link on the editor page. The coding at the very bottom pertains to making the image caption text padding span the entire height of your image. However, this doesn't make the areas to the left and right of the text link so what I did was add an equal amount of spaces to the beginning and ending of my text. That kept the text centered and made t