Thank you for responding, @paul2009. I did want to leave a (solved) update here in case someone else runs into the same issue in the future.
Hubspot has a new beta form called the V3 form. This updates the embed code to prevent issues such as the one I was having. Until they are fully released as a permanent solution, I was able to sign up through Hubspot support team to be in the beta user group. Once they activate V3 beta forms in your Hubspot account, you will need to rebuild the form to have a new embed code. If you try to duplicate the form, it will still use V2.
It looks like Hubspot is making these form updates because of issues like these, so I am happy to see they're already working on it!